Aflatoxins are produced by

Options

A. Viruses
B. Bacteria
C. Fungi
D. Nematodes.

Answer

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understanding Aflatoxins**: Aflatoxins are toxic compounds that are classified as carcinogens (substances that can cause cancer) and mutagens (substances that can cause mutations in DNA).

2. **Identifying the Source**: Aflatoxins are produced by certain molds, which belong to the kingdom Fungi. This indicates that the source of aflatoxins is fungal in nature.

3. **Specific Fungi**: The primary fungi known to produce aflatoxins are *Aspergillus flavus* and *Aspergillus parasiticus*. These molds are commonly found in soil and decaying organic matter.

4. **Common Environments**: These fungi thrive in environments such as decaying vegetation, hay, and particularly in stored grains. The presence of moisture and warm temperatures can promote their growth.

5. **Affected Food Sources**: Some of the most common food sources that can be contaminated with aflatoxins include peanuts, rice, sesame seeds, sorghum, sunflower seeds, and sweet corn.

6. **Conclusion**: Based on the information, the correct answer to the question "Aflatoxins are produced by" is that they are produced by specific fungi, namely *Aspergillus flavus* and *Aspergillus parasiticus*.

### Final Answer:
Aflatoxins are produced by fungi, specifically *Aspergillus flavus* and *Aspergillus parasiticus*.

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