Vascular bundles are absent in

Options

A. Gymnosperms
B. Angiosperms
C. Pteridophytes
D. All the above.

Answer

### Step-by-Step Text Solution:

1. **Understanding Vascular Bundles**: Vascular bundles are structures that contain xylem and phloem, which are essential for the transport of water, nutrients, and food in plants. They are typically organized in a specific arrangement.

2. **Identifying Plant Groups**: Vascular bundles are found in various plant groups. The main groups to consider here are:
- **Angiosperms**: Flowering plants with well-defined vascular bundles.
- **Gymnosperms**: Non-flowering plants that also have vascular bundles.
- **Pteridophytes**: Ferns and their relatives, which have vascular tissues but not always organized in bundles like angiosperms and gymnosperms.
- **Bryophytes**: Non-vascular plants like mosses and liverworts, which do not have vascular bundles.

3. **Analyzing the Options**: The question asks where vascular bundles are absent.
- **Angiosperms**: Have vascular bundles.
- **Gymnosperms**: Have vascular bundles.
- **Pteridophytes**: Have vascular tissues but may not have them organized as bundles.
- **Bryophytes**: Do not have vascular bundles at all.

4. **Conclusion**: Since vascular bundles are completely absent in bryophytes, the correct answer to the question is that vascular bundles are absent in **bryophytes**.

### Final Answer:
Vascular bundles are absent in **bryophytes**.

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