Which is the first group of vascular plants

Options

A. Thallophyta
B. Bryophyta
C. Spermatophyta
D. pteridophyta.

Answer

**Step-by-Step Solution:**

1. **Understanding Vascular Plants**: Vascular plants are those that have specialized tissues for conducting water and nutrients. The two main types of vascular tissues are xylem (which transports water) and phloem (which transports food).

2. **Identifying Plant Groups**: The question provides four options:
- A. Thalophyta
- B. Bryophyta
- C. Spermatophyta
- D. Pteridophyta

3. **Analyzing Each Group**:
- **Thalophyta**: This group includes non-vascular plants like algae. They do not have xylem and phloem.
- **Bryophyta**: This group includes mosses and liverworts. They are also non-vascular and lack a proper conducting system.
- **Spermatophyta**: This group includes seed-producing plants, which are vascular but not the first group.
- **Pteridophyta**: This group includes ferns and is the first group of vascular plants that developed xylem and phloem.

4. **Conclusion**: Based on the analysis, the first group of vascular plants is Pteridophyta.

5. **Final Answer**: The answer to the question is option D, Pteridophyta.

---