Female cone of Pinus is a

Options

A. Modified scale
B. Modified needle
C. Modified dwarf shoot
D. Modified long shoot.

Answer

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Identify the Structure**: The female cone of Pinus is a reproductive structure found in coniferous trees. It is specifically designed for reproduction.

**Hint**: Think about what the female cone's primary function is in the life cycle of Pinus.

2. **Description of the Cone**: The female cone is described as being large and elongated. It typically appears in clusters, often in pairs, on long shoots of the tree.

**Hint**: Consider how the size and arrangement of the cones might affect their reproductive success.

3. **Arrangement of Scales**: The scales of the female cone, known as ovuliferous scales, are spirally arranged. This arrangement is crucial for the protection and fertilization of the ovules.

**Hint**: Reflect on how the spiral arrangement might help in the process of pollination and seed development.

4. **Acropetal Order**: The female cones are arranged in an acropetal order, meaning that the younger cones are located at the top and the older ones at the bottom. This arrangement helps in the efficient development of the cones.

**Hint**: Think about how this arrangement might influence the timing of reproduction in the tree.

5. **Modified Long Shoots**: The female cones are considered modified long shoots, which means they have evolved from typical shoot structures to serve a specific reproductive purpose.

**Hint**: Consider what adaptations might be necessary for a structure that is primarily focused on reproduction.

### Final Answer:
The female cone of Pinus is a large, elongated reproductive structure that is spirally arranged with ovuliferous scales and is found in pairs on long shoots. It is a modified long shoot, arranged in an acropetal order.