Which of the following are heterosporous pteridophytes
I. Lycopodium II. Selaginella III. Equisetum IV. Salvinia

Options

A. I and II
B. II and III
C. III and IV
D. II and IV.

Answer

To determine which of the given options are heterosporous pteridophytes, we need to analyze each option based on the definition of heterospory.

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understand Heterospory**:
- Heterospory is the production of two different types of spores: microspores (male) and megaspores (female). This phenomenon is significant in the life cycle of certain plants, including some pteridophytes.

2. **Analyze Each Option**:
- **I. Lycopodium**:
- Lycopodium is known to be homosporous, meaning it produces only one type of spore. Therefore, it is not heterosporous.
- **II. Selaginella**:
- Selaginella is a well-known heterosporous pteridophyte. It produces both microspores and megaspores, making it heterosporous.
- **III. Equisetum**:
- Equisetum (horsetails) is also homosporous, producing only one type of spore. Thus, it is not heterosporous.
- **IV. Salvinia**:
- Salvinia is another example of a heterosporous pteridophyte. It produces both microspores and megaspores.

3. **Conclusion**:
- From the analysis, the heterosporous pteridophytes among the options are Selaginella (II) and Salvinia (IV). Therefore, the correct answer is options II and IV.

### Final Answer:
The heterosporous pteridophytes from the given options are **Selaginella (II) and Salvinia (IV)**.

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