Phanerogams without ovary are

Options

A. Thallophytes
B. Pteridophytes
C. Bryophytes
D. Gymnosperms.

Answer

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understanding Phanerogams**:
- Phanerogams, also known as seed plants, are plants that produce seeds. They are divided into two main groups: gymnosperms and angiosperms.

2. **Identifying the Key Feature**:
- The question specifically asks for phanerogams without an ovary. In botanical terms, the ovary is the part of the flower that contains the ovules, which develop into seeds after fertilization.

3. **Differentiating Between Groups**:
- **Gymnosperms**: These are seed-producing plants that do not have flowers or fruits. Their seeds are exposed or "naked" and not enclosed within an ovary.
- **Angiosperms**: These are flowering plants that produce seeds enclosed within an ovary, which develops into a fruit after fertilization.
- **Bryophytes and Pteridophytes**: These groups do not produce seeds at all. Bryophytes include mosses and liverworts, while pteridophytes include ferns and horsetails.

4. **Conclusion**:
- Since the question asks for phanerogams without an ovary, the correct answer is **Gymnosperms**. They are the only group of phanerogams that lack an ovary.

### Final Answer:
Phanerogams without ovary are **Gymnosperms**.

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