epistomatic leaf is

Options

A. nymphaea
B. nelumbo
C. victoria
D. all the above.

Answer

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understanding Epistomatic Leaves**:
- Epistomatic leaves are defined as leaves that have stomata located on the upper epidermis. This is in contrast to hypostomatic leaves, where stomata are found on the lower epidermis.

2. **Function of Stomata**:
- Stomata are small openings on the leaf surface that facilitate gas exchange. They allow carbon dioxide to enter for photosynthesis and enable water vapor to exit during transpiration.

3. **Identifying Examples**:
- The question provides several options: Nymphaea, Nilumbo, and Victoria. We need to determine if these plants have epistomatic leaves.
- Nymphaea (water lily) and Victoria (Victoria amazonica) are known to have stomata on the upper side of their leaves.
- Nilumbo (lotus) is also characterized by having stomata on the upper epidermis.

4. **Conclusion**:
- Since all the mentioned plants (Nymphaea, Nilumbo, and Victoria) possess epistomatic leaves, the correct answer is "all the above".

### Final Answer:
Epistomatic leaves are present in Nymphaea, Nilumbo, and Victoria. Therefore, the correct option is **all the above**.

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