vascular cambium from xylem on inner side and phloem on outer side due to

Options

A. effect of gravity
B. shearing force of wind
C. intrafascicular nature
D. differential action of hormones.

Answer

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understanding Vascular Cambium**:
- The vascular cambium is a layer of meristematic tissue in plants that is responsible for the secondary growth. It is located between the xylem (inner side) and phloem (outer side).

2. **Xylem and Phloem Functions**:
- Xylem is responsible for the transport of water and minerals from the roots to the rest of the plant.
- Phloem is responsible for the transport of nutrients, particularly sugars produced by photosynthesis, from the leaves to other parts of the plant.

3. **Formation of Vascular Cambium**:
- The vascular cambium forms a continuous ring between the xylem and phloem. It produces new xylem cells towards the inner side and new phloem cells towards the outer side.

4. **Influence of Hormones**:
- The differentiation and activity of the vascular cambium are regulated by hormones. These hormones influence the growth patterns, leading to the production of xylem and phloem in their respective positions.

5. **Evaluating the Options**:
- Option A (Effect of gravity): Not relevant to the arrangement of xylem and phloem.
- Option B (Shearing force of wind): Does not influence the cambium's arrangement.
- Option C (Intrafascicular nature): While related to the structure, it does not explain the cambium's behavior.
- Option D (Differential action of hormone): This is the correct answer as hormones play a crucial role in determining the growth direction of the vascular cambium.

6. **Conclusion**:
- The correct answer to the question is **option D: differential action of hormone**.