what is correct about monocot stem

Options

A. hypodermis is sclerenchymatous, vascular bundles are closed, phloem parenchyma is absent
B. hypdermis is sclerenchymatous, vascular bundles are open,phloem parenchyma is absent
C. hypdermis is collenchymatous vascular bundles are closed, phloem parenchyma is present
D. hypodermis is sclerenchymatous, vascular bundles are closed, pholem parenchyma is present.

Answer

To determine what is correct about monocot stems, we will analyze the characteristics of monocot stems step by step.

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understanding the Structure of Monocot Stems**:
- Monocot stems have a unique structure compared to dicot stems. The outermost layer is the epidermis, followed by the cortex, and then the hypodermis.

2. **Hypodermis Composition**:
- In monocot stems, the hypodermis is made up of sclerenchyma tissue, which consists of dead cells that have thick lignified walls. This provides strength and support to the stem.

3. **Vascular Bundles**:
- Monocot stems contain closed vascular bundles. Closed vascular bundles do not have a cambium layer, which is a characteristic of dicot stems where cambial rings are present.

4. **Phloem Parenchyma**:
- In monocot stems, phloem parenchyma is absent. Phloem parenchyma consists of living cells that store and transport nutrients, but this type of tissue is not found in monocots.

5. **Evaluating the Options**:
- Based on the above characteristics:
- **Option 1**: Hypodermis is sclerenchymatous, vascular bundles are closed, and phloem parenchyma is absent. This option is correct.
- **Option 2**: States vascular bundles are open, which is incorrect.
- **Option 3**: Incorrectly states that hypodermis is collenchymatous, which is characteristic of dicots.
- **Option 4**: Incorrectly states that phloem parenchyma is present, which is not true for monocots.

6. **Conclusion**:
- The correct statement about monocot stems is that the hypodermis is sclerenchymatous, vascular bundles are closed, and phloem parenchyma is absent. Therefore, **Option 1** is the correct answer.