companion cells are absent in the phloem of

Options

A. dicots
B. gymnosperms
C. monocots
D. all the above.

Answer

**Step-by-Step Solution:**

1. **Understanding Companion Cells**: Companion cells are specialized parenchymatous cells found in the phloem of angiosperms. They play a crucial role in the translocation of organic solutes alongside sieve tubes.

2. **Identifying the Presence of Companion Cells**: Companion cells are specifically present in the phloem of angiosperms, which include both dicots and monocots.

3. **Analyzing the Options**:
- **Option 1: Dicots** - Companion cells are present in dicots, so this option is incorrect.
- **Option 2: Gymnosperms** - Companion cells are absent in gymnosperms, making this option a potential correct answer.
- **Option 3: Monocots** - Companion cells are also present in monocots, so this option is incorrect.
- **Option 4: All of the above** - Since companion cells are present in dicots and monocots, this option is also incorrect.

4. **Conclusion**: The only option where companion cells are absent is **gymnosperms**. Therefore, the correct answer is gymnosperms.

**Final Answer**: Companion cells are absent in the phloem of **gymnosperms**.

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