House sparrow can fly for short distances only because of the absence of

Options

A. White muscles
B. Proper wing span
C. Pneumatic bones
D. Red muscles.

Answer

**Step-by-Step Solution:**

1. **Understanding the Question**: The question asks why house sparrows can only fly for short distances. It provides multiple options to choose from.

2. **Identifying Key Terms**: The key terms in the question are "fly for short distances" and "absence of". We need to determine what the absence of in house sparrows limits their flying ability.

3. **Analyzing the Options**:
- **White Muscles**: These muscles are more suited for short bursts of activity but do not sustain long flights.
- **Proper Wingspan**: While wingspan is important for flight, house sparrows do have wings suitable for their size.
- **Pneumatic Bones**: These bones are lighter and help in flight, but house sparrows do have pneumatic bones.
- **Red Muscles**: These muscles are crucial for endurance and sustained activity as they contain more mitochondria and store ATP, which is essential for long flights.

4. **Determining the Correct Answer**: Since red muscles are responsible for providing the energy needed for prolonged flight due to their high ATP storage capacity, the absence of red muscles in house sparrows limits their ability to fly long distances.

5. **Final Answer**: House sparrows can fly for short distances only because of the absence of red muscles.

---