During EMP pathway, ATP is produced through

Options

A. Oxidative phosphorylation
B. Cyclic phosphorlation
C. Substrate phosphorylation
D. None of the above

Answer

**Step-by-Step Solution:**

1. **Understanding the EMP Pathway**: The EMP pathway, also known as the Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas pathway, is a series of biochemical reactions that convert glucose into pyruvic acid. This process is a key part of glycolysis.

2. **Location of the Process**: Glycolysis, including the EMP pathway, occurs in the cytoplasm of the cell.

3. **Conversion of Glucose**: In the EMP pathway, one molecule of glucose is broken down into two molecules of pyruvic acid. This is the main reaction that occurs during glycolysis.

4. **ATP Production**: During the EMP pathway, a net gain of 2 ATP molecules is produced. This occurs through two specific steps in the glycolytic pathway.

5. **Substrate-Level Phosphorylation**:
- The first ATP is produced when 1,3-diphosphoglyceric acid is converted into 3-phosphoglyceric acid. In this step, ADP is phosphorylated to form ATP.
- The second ATP is produced when phosphoenolpyruvate is converted into pyruvic acid. Again, ADP is phosphorylated to form ATP.

6. **Conclusion**: Both ATP molecules are produced via substrate-level phosphorylation, which is a direct transfer of a phosphate group to ADP to form ATP.

7. **Final Answer**: Therefore, during the EMP pathway, ATP is produced through substrate-level phosphorylation.

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