Which one is not present in nephric filtrate ?

Options

A. Pencillin
B. Amino acid
C. Vitamins
D. None of the above

Answer

To determine which substance is not present in nephric filtrate, we need to analyze the components of nephric filtrate and the options provided.

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understanding Nephric Filtrate**:
- Nephric filtrate is the fluid that is filtered from the blood through the glomerulus into the Bowman's capsule in the kidneys. It contains various small molecules and ions.

2. **Components of Nephric Filtrate**:
- The nephric filtrate primarily consists of water, urea, glucose, amino acids, vitamins, ions, and other small molecules. It is important to note that it is a non-colloidal fluid, meaning it does not contain large proteins or cells.

3. **Analyzing the Options**:
- **Option 1: Penicillin**: This is an antibiotic used to treat bacterial infections. It is a relatively small molecule but is not typically found in nephric filtrate as it is not a natural component of blood plasma.
- **Option 2: Amino Acids**: These are the building blocks of proteins and are present in nephric filtrate as they are small enough to pass through the filtration barrier.
- **Option 3: Vitamins**: Many vitamins, especially water-soluble ones, are also present in nephric filtrate as they can pass through the filtration barrier.
- **Option 4: None of the Above**: This option suggests that all the listed substances are present in nephric filtrate, which is incorrect based on our analysis.

4. **Conclusion**:
- Since penicillin is not a natural component of nephric filtrate and is not typically found in it, the correct answer to the question "Which one is not present in nephric filtrate?" is **Penicillin**.

### Final Answer:
**Penicillin** is not present in nephric filtrate.

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