Vital morphological and physiological units of mammalian kidney are

Options

A. Ureters
B. Seminiferous tubules
C. Uriniferous tubule
D. Nephridia

Answer

To answer the question regarding the vital morphological and physiological units of the mammalian kidney, we can break down the information step by step.

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Identify the Key Term**: The question asks for the vital morphological and physiological units of the mammalian kidney. The key term here is "units," which refers to the basic structural and functional components.

2. **Define the Nephron**: The nephron is recognized as the structural and functional unit of the kidney. Each kidney contains approximately one million nephrons, which are responsible for filtering blood and forming urine.

3. **Components of the Nephron**: The nephron consists of two main parts:
- **Renal Corpuscle**: This is further divided into:
- **Glomerulus**: A network of capillaries where blood filtration occurs.
- **Bowman's Capsule**: A cup-like structure that encases the glomerulus and collects the filtrate.
- **Renal Tubule**: This includes:
- **Proximal Convoluted Tubule (PCT)**: Responsible for reabsorption of water, ions, and nutrients.
- **Loop of Henle**: Plays a crucial role in concentrating urine and conserving water.
- **Distal Convoluted Tubule (DCT)**: Involved in further reabsorption and secretion.

4. **Functions of the Nephron**: The nephron performs vital functions such as:
- **Ultrafiltration**: The process of filtering blood to form urine.
- **Reabsorption**: The process of reclaiming water and essential nutrients from the filtrate back into the blood.
- **Secretion**: The process of removing waste products from the blood into the filtrate.

5. **Uriniferous Tubules**: Nephrons, along with the collecting ducts, are collectively referred to as uriniferous tubules. These structures are essential for the formation and transport of urine.

6. **Conclusion**: Based on the above information, the vital morphological and physiological units of the mammalian kidney are the **uriniferous tubules**.

### Final Answer:
The vital morphological and physiological units of the mammalian kidney are **uriniferous tubules**.