The conditions in which kidneys fail to conserve water leading to water loss and dehydration due to impaired ADH synthesis or release is

Options

A. Graves' disease
B. Addison's disease
C. Diabetes insipidus
D. Cretinism

Answer

**Step-by-Step Solution:**

1. **Understanding the Question**: The question asks about a condition where kidneys fail to conserve water, leading to dehydration due to impaired synthesis or release of Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH).

2. **Identifying the Options**: The options provided include:
- A) Graves disease
- B) Adrenal insufficiency
- C) Diabetes insipidus
- D) Cretinism

3. **Analyzing Each Option**:
- **A) Graves Disease**: This is an autoimmune disorder affecting the thyroid gland, leading to overproduction of thyroid hormones. It does not relate to ADH or water conservation.
- **B) Adrenal Insufficiency**: This condition involves insufficient production of hormones (like cortisol and aldosterone) from the adrenal glands. While it affects fluid balance, it is not directly related to ADH.
- **C) Diabetes Insipidus**: This condition is characterized by a deficiency of ADH, leading to the kidneys' inability to conserve water. This results in excessive urination and dehydration, making it the most relevant option to the question.
- **D) Cretinism**: This condition is due to congenital thyroid deficiency, leading to physical deformities and learning difficulties. It does not relate to ADH or water conservation.

4. **Conclusion**: After analyzing all options, the correct answer is **C) Diabetes Insipidus**, as it directly results from impaired ADH synthesis or release, leading to water loss and dehydration.