Single cells in Steward's culture formed

Options

A. Celluar clumps
B. Embryoids
C. Plantlets
D. All the above

Answer

To solve the question regarding what single cells in Steward's culture formed, we can follow these steps:

### Step 1: Understand the context of Steward's culture
Steward's culture refers to the experiments conducted by Frederick Steward, where he cultured single cells from the phloem of carrot roots. This is important because it sets the stage for understanding the developmental potential of these cells.

**Hint:** Research the significance of Steward's experiments and the concept of totipotency in plant cells.

### Step 2: Identify the characteristics of the cultured cells
The cells in Steward's culture exhibited totipotency, meaning they had the ability to develop into any type of cell or tissue. This is a key feature of plant cells, particularly those derived from meristematic tissues.

**Hint:** Recall the definition of totipotency and how it applies to plant cells.

### Step 3: Analyze the developmental stages
According to the transcript, the single cells first formed cellular clumps, which then developed into embryoids. Eventually, these embryoids differentiated into plantlets. This progression illustrates the various forms that can arise from a single cell.

**Hint:** Think about the stages of plant development from single cells to more complex structures.

### Step 4: Evaluate the options provided
The options given in the question are:
a. cellular clumps
b. embryoids
c. plantlets
d. all of the above

Since the transcript indicates that the cells formed all three structures during the culture process, the correct answer must encompass all of these stages.

**Hint:** Consider which option best summarizes the developmental process described.

### Step 5: Conclude with the correct answer
Based on the analysis, the answer to the question is option D: all of the above. This indicates that single cells in Steward's culture can form cellular clumps, embryoids, and plantlets.

**Final Answer:** D. all of the above