New cells have

Options

A. Bacterial fermentation
B. Regeneration of old cells
C. Pre-existing cells
D. Abiotic material

Answer

To answer the question "New cells have," we need to analyze the options provided and apply the principles of cell theory.

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understanding Cell Theory**: The cell theory states that all living organisms are composed of cells, and that new cells arise from pre-existing cells. This principle was established by scientists such as Rudolf Virchow.

2. **Evaluating the Options**:
- **Option a: Bacterial fermentation**: This refers to a metabolic process in bacteria and does not relate to the formation of new cells. Therefore, this option is incorrect.
- **Option b: Regeneration of old cells**: While cells can regenerate, this does not imply that new cells are formed from old cells directly. Instead, cells divide to create new cells. This option is misleading and thus incorrect.
- **Option c: Pre-existing cells**: This aligns with the modified cell theory proposed by Virchow, which states that new cells arise from the division of existing cells. This option is correct.
- **Option d: Abiotic material**: Abiotic refers to non-living components. New cells cannot arise from non-living materials, making this option incorrect.

3. **Conclusion**: Based on the analysis of the options and the principles of cell theory, the correct answer to the question is **option c: pre-existing cells**.

### Final Answer:
**New cells have pre-existing cells. (Option c)**