Mendel's law of independent assortment can be demonstrated by

Options

A. Test cross
B. Back cross
C. Monohybrid cross
D. Dihybrid cross

Answer

**Step-by-Step Solution:**

1. **Understanding Mendel's Laws**: Gregor Mendel, known as the father of genetics, formulated several laws based on his experiments with pea plants. One of these laws is the Law of Independent Assortment, which states that alleles for different traits are distributed to gametes (reproductive cells) independently of one another.

2. **Identifying the Crosses**: To demonstrate Mendel's Law of Independent Assortment, we need to understand the different types of genetic crosses:
- **Monohybrid Cross**: Involves one trait (e.g., flower color).
- **Dihybrid Cross**: Involves two traits (e.g., seed shape and color).
- **Test Cross**: Involves crossing an F1 hybrid with a homozygous recessive individual to determine the genotype of the hybrid.
- **Back Cross**: Involves crossing the F1 hybrid with one of the parental genotypes.

3. **Choosing the Correct Cross**: The Law of Independent Assortment can be best demonstrated through a **dihybrid cross**. In this cross, two traits are considered simultaneously, allowing us to observe how the alleles for these traits segregate independently during gamete formation.

4. **Conducting a Dihybrid Cross**: For example, if we cross a homozygous dominant plant for two traits (e.g., round yellow seeds - RRYY) with a homozygous recessive plant (e.g., wrinkled green seeds - rryy), the F1 generation will all be heterozygous (RrYy). When these F1 plants are crossed among themselves, the resulting F2 generation will exhibit a phenotypic ratio that reflects the independent assortment of the two traits.

5. **Conclusion**: Therefore, the correct answer to the question is that Mendel's Law of Independent Assortment can be demonstrated by a **dihybrid cross**.