Disulfiram antagoniases

Options

A. Alcohol dehydrogenase
B. Acetaldehyde dehydrogenase
C. Impulse transfer
D. Excretion of alcohol

Answer

**Step-by-Step Solution:**

1. **Understanding Disulfiram**: Disulfiram, also known as tetraethylthiuram disulfide, is a medication used primarily in the treatment of chronic alcoholism. It works by causing unpleasant effects when alcohol is consumed.

2. **Mechanism of Action**: Disulfiram antagonizes the action of an enzyme called acetaldehyde dehydrogenase. This enzyme is crucial for the metabolism of alcohol in the body.

3. **Role of Acetaldehyde Dehydrogenase**: Normally, when a person consumes alcohol, it is metabolized into acetaldehyde by the enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase. Acetaldehyde is then converted into acetate by acetaldehyde dehydrogenase.

4. **Inhibition of the Enzyme**: When disulfiram is administered, it inhibits the activity of acetaldehyde dehydrogenase. As a result, acetaldehyde cannot be converted into acetate.

5. **Accumulation of Acetaldehyde**: Due to the inhibition of acetaldehyde dehydrogenase, acetaldehyde accumulates in the body. High levels of acetaldehyde lead to various unpleasant symptoms.

6. **Physiological Reaction**: The accumulation of acetaldehyde causes a range of adverse reactions in the body, including flushing, nausea, vomiting, and palpitations. This reaction serves as a deterrent against alcohol consumption.

7. **Behavioral Impact**: The unpleasant effects experienced when alcohol is consumed while on disulfiram can lead to a strong aversion to alcohol, helping individuals to abstain from drinking.

8. **Conclusion**: Therefore, disulfiram antagonizes the action of acetaldehyde dehydrogenase, leading to the accumulation of acetaldehyde and the resultant aversive reactions that discourage alcohol consumption.

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