Endorphins are produced by

Options

A. Pineal body
B. Thymus
C. Pituitary gland
D. Both pituitary gland and hypothalamus

Answer

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understanding Endorphins**: Endorphins are chemical substances that act as neurotransmitters in the brain. They play a crucial role in pain perception, stress response, and various bodily functions.

2. **Production of Endorphins**: Endorphins are termed "endogenous" because they are produced within the body. They are primarily produced in the brain.

3. **Mechanism of Action**: Endorphins work by binding to opioid receptors in the brain, which helps to reduce pain and induce feelings of pleasure, similar to the effects of morphine.

4. **Role of Hypothalamus and Pituitary Gland**: The hypothalamus plays a key role in regulating the release of endorphins. It activates the pituitary gland, which in turn releases adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). ACTH stimulates the release of endorphins.

5. **Conclusion**: Therefore, endorphins are produced by both the hypothalamus and the pituitary gland.

### Final Answer:
Endorphins are produced by the hypothalamus and the pituitary gland.

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