Influx of K(+)ions into guard cells and efflux of H(+) ions from guard cells lead to

Options

A. Exosomosis
B. Plasmolysis
C. Closure in stomata
D. Opening of stomata

Answer

**Step-by-Step Solution:**

1. **Understanding the Role of Guard Cells:**
- Guard cells are specialized cells that surround the stomata (pores) on the leaf surface. They regulate the opening and closing of these stomata, which is crucial for gas exchange and transpiration in plants.

2. **Ion Exchange Mechanism:**
- The influx of potassium ions (K⁺) into the guard cells occurs alongside the efflux of hydrogen ions (H⁺) from the guard cells. This process is essential for the regulation of guard cell turgor pressure.

3. **Formation of Malic Acid:**
- Inside the guard cells, pyruvate is formed from glycolysis. This pyruvate combines with carbon dioxide to form oxalic acid, which is then converted into malic acid. The process also leads to the production of H⁺ ions.

4. **Water Absorption:**
- The efflux of H⁺ ions from the guard cells creates a concentration gradient that allows K⁺ ions to enter the cells. The influx of K⁺ ions leads to an increase in solute concentration inside the guard cells, causing water to move into the cells by osmosis.

5. **Turgidity of Guard Cells:**
- As water enters the guard cells, they become turgid (swollen). This turgidity is necessary for the physical movement of the guard cells.

6. **Opening of Stomata:**
- The turgid guard cells pull apart at the inner walls, resulting in the opening of the stomata. This allows for gas exchange (CO₂ in, O₂ out) and transpiration to occur.

7. **Conclusion:**
- Therefore, the influx of K⁺ ions into guard cells and the efflux of H⁺ ions lead to the opening of the stomata.

**Final Answer:**
The influx of K⁺ ions into guard cells and the efflux of H⁺ ions from guard cells lead to the opening of the stomata.

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