Illuminated isolated chloroplasts release `O_(2)` in the absence of `CO_(2)`. Which will increase oxygen output ?

Options

A. `H_(2)O`
B. `NADP^(+)`
C. `NAD^(+)`
D. Green light.

Answer

To determine which factor will increase oxygen output in illuminated isolated chloroplasts in the absence of carbon dioxide, we can analyze the options provided: H2O, NADP+, NAD+, or Green Light.

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understanding Photosynthesis**: Photosynthesis occurs in two stages: the light-dependent reactions and the light-independent reactions (Calvin cycle). In the light-dependent reactions, chlorophyll absorbs light energy, which is used to split water molecules (H2O) into oxygen (O2), protons, and electrons.

2. **Role of Water (H2O)**: Water is a crucial reactant in the light-dependent reactions. When chloroplasts are illuminated, the splitting of water molecules occurs, releasing oxygen. Therefore, the presence of water is essential for oxygen production.

3. **Role of NADP+**: NADP+ is an electron carrier that gets reduced to NADPH during the light-dependent reactions. An increase in NADP+ availability can enhance the rate of electron transport, which indirectly promotes the splitting of water and thus increases oxygen output.

4. **Role of NAD+**: NAD+ is primarily involved in cellular respiration, not photosynthesis. It does not play a direct role in the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis, so it is unlikely to increase oxygen output.

5. **Role of Green Light**: Light is necessary for photosynthesis, but the specific wavelength of light (green light) does not significantly enhance the process because chlorophyll reflects green light rather than absorbing it. Therefore, while light is essential, green light specifically may not be the most effective in increasing oxygen output.

6. **Conclusion**: Among the options provided, the factor that will most effectively increase oxygen output in illuminated isolated chloroplasts in the absence of carbon dioxide is **NADP+**. This is because an increase in NADP+ facilitates the splitting of water, leading to more oxygen being released.

### Final Answer:
**NADP+** will increase oxygen output in illuminated isolated chloroplasts in the absence of carbon dioxide.

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