Q. Identify the correct statement (s) in relation to `C_(4)` photosynthesis
(a) Kranz anatomy is an essential feature for `C_(4)` plants
(b) `C_(4)` plants have higher water use efficiency than `C_(3)` plants
(c) Photorespiration is minimised in `C_(4)` pathway
(d) Conversion of oxaloacetate to malate occurs in bundle sheath cells

Options

A. i) a and b
B. ii) a, b and c
C. iii) b and c
D. iv) b, c and d.

Answer

To solve the question regarding the correct statements related to C4 photosynthesis, we will analyze each statement one by one.

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Statement A: Kranz anatomy is an essential feature for C4 plants.**
- **Explanation:** C4 plants exhibit a unique leaf structure known as Kranz anatomy, which consists of two types of cells: mesophyll cells and bundle sheath cells. This structure is crucial for the efficient functioning of the C4 photosynthetic pathway.
- **Conclusion:** This statement is **correct**.

2. **Statement B: C4 plants have higher water use efficiency than C3 plants.**
- **Explanation:** C4 plants are adapted to conserve water more effectively than C3 plants. They can perform photosynthesis even when their stomata are closed, which reduces water loss. This adaptation allows them to maintain higher water use efficiency.
- **Conclusion:** This statement is **correct**.

3. **Statement C: Photorespiration is minimized in the C4 pathway.**
- **Explanation:** In C4 plants, the initial fixation of CO2 occurs in mesophyll cells, and the CO2 is then transported to bundle sheath cells, where it is used in the Calvin cycle. This process minimizes photorespiration, which is a wasteful pathway that occurs when oxygen competes with carbon dioxide for the active site of the enzyme RuBisCO.
- **Conclusion:** This statement is **correct**.

4. **Statement D: Conversion of oxaloacetate to malate occurs in bundle sheath cells.**
- **Explanation:** The conversion of oxaloacetate to malate actually occurs in the mesophyll cells, not in the bundle sheath cells. Bundle sheath cells primarily carry out the Calvin cycle, where malate is converted back to pyruvate and CO2.
- **Conclusion:** This statement is **incorrect**.

### Final Answer:
The correct statements are A, B, and C. Therefore, the answer is option 2: A, B, and C are correct.

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