Vitamins are generally involved in forming component of enzyme called

Options

A. Apoenzyme
B. Holoenzyme
C. Prosthetic group
D. Coenzyme and prosthetic group

Answer

**Step-by-Step Solution:**

1. **Understanding Enzymes**: Enzymes are biological catalysts that speed up chemical reactions in the body. They are primarily made up of proteins, except for ribozymes, which are RNA molecules with catalytic properties.

2. **Components of Enzymes**: Enzymes consist of two main components:
- **Apoenzyme**: This is the protein part of the enzyme and is inactive on its own.
- **Cofactor**: This is a non-protein component that is necessary for the enzyme's activity.

3. **Active Enzyme Formation**: When the apoenzyme combines with its cofactor, it forms a complete and active enzyme known as a **holoenzyme**. This holoenzyme is capable of catalyzing biochemical reactions.

4. **Types of Cofactors**: Cofactors can be:
- **Inorganic**: Simple metal ions.
- **Organic**: Complex molecules known as coenzymes.

5. **Coenzymes**: Coenzymes are often derived from vitamins. They can be classified into:
- **Prosthetic Groups**: These are tightly bound to the apoenzyme and remain attached during the reaction.
- **Co-substrates**: These bind temporarily to the apoenzyme and assist in the transfer of chemical groups, atoms, or electrons.

6. **Vitamins as Precursors**: Many vitamins, especially water-soluble and some fat-soluble vitamins, serve as precursors for coenzymes. For example, vitamin B1 is converted into thiamine pyrophosphate, which acts as a coenzyme in carbohydrate metabolism.

7. **Conclusion**: Based on the information provided, vitamins are generally involved in forming components of enzymes known as **coenzymes**. Therefore, the correct answer to the question is **coenzyme**.

**Final Answer**: Coenzyme

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