Small particles attached to inner mitochondrial membranes are

Options

A. Ergosomes
B. Cristae
C. Elementary particles
D. Quantasomes

Answer

To answer the question "Small particles attached to inner mitochondrial membranes are," we can follow these steps:

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understanding Mitochondria Structure**:
- Mitochondria are known as the powerhouse of the cell because they generate ATP (adenosine triphosphate), which is essential for various metabolic activities.
- They are double membrane-bound organelles, consisting of an outer membrane and an inner membrane.

2. **Identifying the Inner Membrane Features**:
- The inner membrane of the mitochondria has structures known as cristae. These are infoldings that increase the surface area for biochemical reactions.

3. **Recognizing the Small Particles**:
- On the cristae of the inner membrane, there are small particles that are integral to the mitochondrial function. These particles are crucial for ATP synthesis.

4. **Naming the Particles**:
- The small particles attached to the inner mitochondrial membrane are referred to as elementary particles. They are also known as F0 and F1 particles.

5. **Eliminating Incorrect Options**:
- **Ergosomes**: Incorrect, as these refer to multiple ribosomes attached to mRNA during protein synthesis.
- **Cristae**: Incorrect, as cristae are the infoldings themselves, not the particles.
- **Quantosomes**: Incorrect, as these are associated with chloroplasts and photosynthesis.

6. **Conclusion**:
- The correct answer is that the small particles attached to the inner mitochondrial membranes are called elementary particles or F0 and F1 particles.

### Final Answer:
The small particles attached to inner mitochondrial membranes are **elementary particles**.

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