Mesosomes of prokaryotes are functionally similar to

Options

A. Peroxisome
B. Lysosomes
C. Mitochondria
D. Ribosomes

Answer

**Step-by-Step Solution:**

1. **Understanding Prokaryotes**: Prokaryotes are organisms that lack a true nucleus, meaning their genetic material is not enclosed within a nuclear membrane. They are generally unicellular and microscopic.

2. **Identifying Mesosomes**: Mesosomes are specialized structures found in prokaryotic cells. They are also referred to as chondroids due to their functional similarities to mitochondria.

3. **Function of Mesosomes**: The primary function of mesosomes is to assist in cellular processes similar to those carried out by mitochondria in eukaryotic cells. Specifically, mesosomes are involved in the synthesis of ATP (adenosine triphosphate), which is the energy currency of the cell.

4. **Types of Mesosomes**: There are two types of mesosomes:
- **Peripheral Mesosomes**: These are involved in the synthesis of the cell membrane and cell wall.
- **Central Mesosomes**: These are primarily responsible for cell division.

5. **Comparing with Other Organelles**:
- Mitochondria are known as the powerhouse of the cell in eukaryotes because they generate ATP.
- Other organelles like peroxisomes, lysosomes, and ribosomes have different functions and are not similar to mesosomes. For instance, peroxisomes contain enzymes for oxidation reactions, lysosomes contain hydrolytic enzymes for digestion, and ribosomes are involved in protein synthesis.

6. **Conclusion**: Therefore, mesosomes in prokaryotes are functionally similar to mitochondria in eukaryotes due to their role in ATP synthesis.

**Final Answer**: Mesosomes of prokaryotes are functionally similar to mitochondria.

---