In which cell organelles, genome system is autonomous

Options

A. Ribosomes and chloroplasts
B. Mitochondria and chloroplasts
C. Mitochondria and ribosomes
D. Golgi bodies and ribosomes

Answer

To answer the question "In which cell organelles, genome system is autonomous?", we can follow these steps:

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understanding the Term 'Autonomous':**
- The term 'autonomous' refers to the ability of an organelle to function independently of the genetic material found in the nucleus of the cell.

2. **Identifying Relevant Organelles:**
- The two main organelles known for having their own genetic material and functioning independently are mitochondria and chloroplasts.

3. **Characteristics of Mitochondria:**
- Mitochondria contain their own DNA, which is circular and double-stranded. This DNA is located in the inner compartment known as the matrix.
- Mitochondria also have their own ribosomes (70S) that allow them to synthesize proteins independently.

4. **Characteristics of Chloroplasts:**
- Similar to mitochondria, chloroplasts also possess their own circular, double-stranded DNA, which is found in the stroma.
- Chloroplasts also contain 70S ribosomes, enabling them to produce their own proteins.

5. **Conclusion:**
- Both mitochondria and chloroplasts are considered semi-autonomous organelles because they can replicate their own DNA and synthesize proteins independently of the nuclear genome. Therefore, the answer to the question is that the genome systems in mitochondria and chloroplasts are autonomous.

### Final Answer:
The genome systems are autonomous in **mitochondria and chloroplasts**.

---