Slime layer and capsule in bacteria are modifications of

Options

A. Glycocalyx
B. Plasma membrane
C. Pellicle
D. Tonoplast.

Answer

To solve the question "Slime layer and capsule in bacteria are modifications of:", we will follow these steps:

### Step 1: Understand the components of bacterial structure
Bacteria have various structures that help them survive and interact with their environment. Among these structures are the slime layer and capsule.

### Step 2: Define slime layer and capsule
- **Slime Layer**: This is a loose, water-soluble layer that surrounds some bacteria. It is composed of polysaccharides and proteins and helps in protecting the bacteria from desiccation and aids in adherence to surfaces.
- **Capsule**: This is a more organized and tightly bound layer compared to the slime layer. It also consists of polysaccharides and serves to protect the bacteria from phagocytosis by immune cells and helps in adherence.

### Step 3: Identify the common component of both structures
Both the slime layer and capsule are made up of similar materials, primarily polysaccharides and glycoproteins. These materials are collectively referred to as **glycocalyx**.

### Step 4: Analyze the options given
- a. Glycocalyx: This is the correct answer as it encompasses both the slime layer and capsule.
- b. Plasma membrane: This is the inner membrane of the cell and does not relate to the slime layer or capsule.
- c. Palicle: This is not a commonly recognized term in bacterial structure.
- d. Tonoplast: This is a membrane surrounding the vacuole in plant cells, not related to bacteria.

### Step 5: Conclude the answer
Based on the definitions and analysis, the slime layer and capsule in bacteria are modifications of **glycocalyx**.

### Final Answer:
The correct answer is **a. Glycocalyx**.

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