Mutations are commonly
(a) Dominant
(b) Codominant
(c) Recessive
(d) Incomplete

Options

A. Dominant
B. Codominant
C. Recessive
D. Incomplete

Answer

To solve the question regarding the common types of mutations, we can follow these steps:

### Step 1: Understand the Question
The question asks about the common types of mutations and provides four options: Dominant, Codominant, Recessive, and Incomplete.

### Step 2: Define Each Type of Mutation
- **Dominant Mutations**: These mutations are expressed in the phenotype even if only one copy of the mutated allele is present.
- **Codominant Mutations**: In this case, both alleles in a heterozygote are fully expressed, resulting in a phenotype that is neither dominant nor recessive.
- **Recessive Mutations**: These mutations are only expressed in the phenotype if both alleles are mutated. If only one allele is mutated, the dominant allele will mask the effect.
- **Incomplete Mutations**: This term usually refers to incomplete dominance, where the phenotype is a blend of the two alleles.

### Step 3: Analyze the Commonality of Each Type
- **Recessive mutations** are the most commonly observed in nature. They often go unnoticed unless both alleles are affected.
- **Dominant and Codominant mutations** are less common and are not typically the first type observed in genetic studies.
- **Incomplete mutations** are also rare and not commonly referenced in the context of general mutations.

### Step 4: Conclusion
Based on the analysis, recessive mutations are the most frequently observed type of mutation in nature. Therefore, the correct answer is:

**(c) Recessive**

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