Tissue culture is
(a) Growth of specific plant structures on artificial medium
(b) Cryogenic maintenance of tissues
(c) Cryogenic maintenance of tissues
(d) Maintenance, growth and differentiation of cells, tissues and organs on articial medium

Options

A. Growth of specific plant structures on articial medium
B. Cryogenic maintenance of tissues
C. Cryogenic maintenance of tissues
D. Maintenance, growth and differentiation of cells, tissues and organs on articial medium.

Answer

To solve the question regarding what tissue culture is, we can analyze each option provided:

1. **Understanding the Definition of Tissue Culture**:
Tissue culture refers to the technique of maintaining and growing plant cells, tissues, or organs in an artificial medium under controlled conditions. This process allows for the growth and differentiation of plant cells.

2. **Evaluating the Options**:
- **Option (a)**: "Growth of specific plant structures on artificial medium"
- This option suggests that only specific plant structures are grown. While tissue culture does involve the use of an artificial medium, it is not limited to just specific structures; it encompasses a broader range of growth and differentiation. Hence, this option is not completely accurate.

- **Option (b)**: "Cryogenic maintenance of tissues"
- This option refers to the preservation of tissues at very low temperatures, which is not the primary focus of tissue culture. Tissue culture does not inherently involve cryogenic techniques. Therefore, this option is incorrect.

- **Option (c)**: "Cryogenic maintenance of tissues"
- This option is identical to option (b) and suffers from the same inaccuracies. It does not accurately describe tissue culture, making it incorrect as well.

- **Option (d)**: "Maintenance, growth and differentiation of cells, tissues and organs on artificial medium"
- This option accurately describes tissue culture. It encompasses the maintenance, growth, and differentiation of various plant cells and tissues in an artificial medium, which is the essence of the tissue culture technique.

3. **Conclusion**:
Based on the evaluations of the options, the correct answer is **(d)**: "Maintenance, growth and differentiation of cells, tissues and organs on artificial medium".