Somatic hybridisation is carried out by

Options

A. Pollen culture
B. Cell culture
C. Protoplast fusion.
D. Haploid culture.

Answer

### Step-by-Step Solution for the Question on Somatic Hybridisation

1. **Understanding Somatic Hybridisation**: Somatic hybridisation is a technique used in plant breeding that allows for the creation of hybrids that cannot be produced through traditional methods due to sexual incompatibility between species.

2. **Historical Context**: This technique was introduced in 1969 as a new approach to raise hybrids. It allows for the fusion of isolated cells, specifically protoplasts, which are the plant cells without their cell walls.

3. **Key Components of Somatic Hybridisation**:
- **Protoplast Isolation**: The first step involves isolating protoplasts from the plant cells. This is done by enzymatically removing the cell wall.
- **Protoplast Fusion**: The second step is the fusion of these isolated protoplasts. This can be achieved using various methods, including chemical fusion or electrical fusion (electrofusion).
- **Culture of Hybrid Protoplasts**: The final step is to culture the hybrid protoplasts to regenerate a whole new plant. This involves providing the necessary nutrients and conditions for the protoplasts to divide and develop into a complete plant.

4. **Conclusion**: Based on the above steps, it is clear that somatic hybridisation is primarily carried out through **protoplast fusion**.