Thread-like pollen without exine are found in

Options

A. Hydrophily
B. Entomophily
C. Anemophily
D. Chiropterophily.

Answer

**Step-by-Step Solution:**

1. **Understanding the Question**: The question asks about the type of pollen that is thread-like and lacks exine. Exine is the outer layer of the pollen grain.

2. **Identifying the Options**: The options provided are:
- Hydrophilic (pollination by water)
- Entomophilic (pollination by insects)
- Anemophilic (pollination by wind)
- Chiropterophilic (pollination by bats)

3. **Analyzing Each Option**:
- **Hydrophilic**: This type of pollination occurs in water. Pollen grains in aquatic plants often have adaptations that allow them to move through water, which may include thread-like structures.
- **Entomophilic**: Insects are involved in this type of pollination, and pollen grains typically have a robust structure to adhere to insects.
- **Anemophilic**: Wind-pollinated plants usually have lightweight, smooth pollen grains that can be carried by air, but they typically have an exine.
- **Chiropterophilic**: This involves bats, and like entomophilic, the pollen grains are adapted for attachment to the bats, usually having a more solid structure.

4. **Conclusion**: Since the question specifies thread-like pollen without exine, this characteristic is most aligned with hydrophilic pollination, where pollen grains are adapted to float and move in water.

5. **Final Answer**: The correct answer is **A) Hydrophilic**.

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