The pioneers in the field of 'organic evolution' are

Options

A. Darwin, lamarck, Landsteiner and De Vries
B. Darwin, De vries, Lamarck, Huxley
C. Lamarck, Landsteiner, Malthus, De Vries.
D. Lansteiner, De Vries, Malthus, Darwin

Answer

**Step-by-Step Text Solution:**

1. **Understanding Organic Evolution**: Organic evolution refers to the gradual process by which living organisms have changed over time from simple unicellular forms to more complex multicellular forms. This process involves modifications in existing organisms and the inheritance of these modifications.

2. **Identifying Pioneers of Organic Evolution**: Several scientists have made significant contributions to the understanding of organic evolution. The key figures include:
- **Jean-Baptiste Lamarck**: Known for his theory of inheritance of acquired characteristics, often referred to as Lamarckism.
- **Charles Darwin**: Proposed the theory of natural selection, often summarized as "survival of the fittest."
- **Hugo de Vries**: Introduced the mutation theory, which emphasizes the role of mutations in evolution.
- **Thomas Huxley**: Known as "Darwin's Bulldog," he supported Darwin's theories and contributed to the understanding of evolutionary biology.

3. **Evaluating the Options**: The question provides four options listing different combinations of these scientists. We need to identify the option that includes all the key pioneers:
- Option 1: Darwin, Lamarck, Landsteiner, and De Vries
- Option 2: Darwin, De Vries, Lamarck, and Huxley
- Option 3: Lamarck, Landsteiner, Malthus, and De Vries
- Option 4: Landsteiner, De Vries, Malthus, and Darwin

4. **Selecting the Correct Option**: The correct option must include Darwin, Lamarck, De Vries, and Huxley. Upon reviewing the options:
- Option 2 (Darwin, De Vries, Lamarck, and Huxley) includes all four key figures in the field of organic evolution.

5. **Conclusion**: Therefore, the correct answer to the question "The pioneers in the field of 'organic evolution' are" is Option 2: Darwin, De Vries, Lamarck, and Huxley.

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