Paralelism is due to

Options

A. Adaptive divergence
B. Adaptive convergnece
C. Adaptive convergence of unrelated species
D. Adaptive convergence of closely related species.

Answer

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understand the Concept of Parallelism**:
- Parallelism refers to the evolutionary process where unrelated species develop similar adaptations or characteristics. This occurs independently in different lineages.

2. **Analyze the Question**:
- The question asks what parallelism is due to. We need to identify the correct option that explains the cause of parallelism.

3. **Evaluate the Options**:
- **Option A: Adaptive Divergence**: This refers to species diverging from a common ancestor and adapting differently. This does not fit the definition of parallelism, as parallelism involves unrelated species.
- **Option B: Adaptive Convergence**: This involves different species developing similar traits due to similar environmental pressures, but it is not specifically about unrelated species.
- **Option C: Adaptive Convergence of Unrelated Species**: This option correctly describes parallelism, as it involves unrelated species adapting similarly.
- **Option D: Adaptive Convergence of Closely Related Species**: This does not apply to parallelism since it focuses on closely related species rather than unrelated ones.

4. **Select the Correct Answer**:
- Based on the analysis, the correct answer is **Option C: Adaptive Convergence of Unrelated Species**. This option aligns with the definition of parallelism.

5. **Provide an Example**:
- An example of parallelism can be seen in the yucca moth and the flower Ophrys, where both have developed adaptations that benefit each other through mutualism.

### Final Answer:
**Parallelism is due to: Adaptive Convergence of Unrelated Species (Option C).**

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