Proteins that helped in trapping solar energy and developed an electric potential across covering membranes of protocells were

Options

A. Chromophores
B. Chlorophores
C. Xanthophores
D. Both B and C

Answer

To solve the question regarding which proteins helped in trapping solar energy and developing an electric potential across the membranes of protocells, we can follow these steps:

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understanding Protocells**:
- Protocells are considered primitive forms of cells that likely existed before the development of true cellular life. They are characterized by a lipid membrane that encapsulates organic and inorganic components.

2. **Identifying the Function of Proteins**:
- The proteins in question are involved in trapping solar energy and creating an electric potential across the membranes of these protocells. This is crucial for the energy processes that would have supported early life.

3. **Evaluating the Options**:
- **Chromophore**: This is a molecule that can absorb light and is involved in photosynthesis. It plays a significant role in trapping solar energy.
- **Chlorophore**: This term is often associated with chlorophyll, which specifically absorbs light in the green spectrum. However, it is not a general term for proteins that trap solar energy.
- **Xanthophore**: This term refers to pigments that absorb light in the yellow spectrum, and it does not play a role in trapping solar energy in the context of protocells.
- **Both B and C**: This option suggests that both chlorophore and xanthophore are correct, which is not the case.

4. **Conclusion**:
- Based on the evaluation, the correct answer is **Chromophore**. It is the protein that helps in trapping solar energy and developing an electric potential across the membranes of protocells.

### Final Answer:
The proteins that helped in trapping solar energy and developed an electric potential across the covering membranes of protocells were **Chromophore**.

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