All the following are included under in situ conservation except

Options

A. Biosphere reserve
B. Sanctuary
C. National Park
D. Botanical Gardens.

Answer

**Step-by-Step Solution:**

1. **Understanding In-Situ Conservation**: In-situ conservation refers to the conservation of species in their natural habitats. This includes protecting ecosystems and natural habitats, as well as the maintenance of viable populations of species in their natural surroundings.

2. **Identifying Examples of In-Situ Conservation**: Common examples of in-situ conservation include:
- **National Parks**: Protected areas established to conserve wildlife and natural resources.
- **Wildlife Sanctuaries**: Areas designated for the protection of animals and their habitats.
- **Biosphere Reserves**: Areas that promote sustainable development and conservation of biodiversity.

3. **Identifying the Exception**: The question asks for an option that is not included in in-situ conservation.
- **Botanical Gardens**: These are places where various plant species are cultivated for scientific study, education, and exhibition. They do not function as natural habitats for the plants, as they are maintained and managed by humans.

4. **Conclusion**: Based on the definitions and examples provided, the correct answer to the question is that botanical gardens are not included under in-situ conservation.

**Final Answer**: All the following are included under in situ conservation except **botanical gardens**.

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