What is introduced in polio vaccination

Options

A. Antibodies
B. Antigen
C. Antibiotic
D. Bacteriostatic agents

Answer

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understanding Polio**: Polio, or poliomyelitis, is an infectious disease caused by the poliovirus. It primarily affects the nervous system and can lead to paralysis.

2. **Types of Polio Vaccines**: There are two main types of polio vaccines:
- **Oral Polio Vaccine (OPV)**: This is administered orally and contains weakened live poliovirus.
- **Injectable Polio Vaccine (IPV)**: This is administered through injection and contains inactivated (killed) poliovirus.

3. **Components of the Vaccine**: In both types of vaccines, what is introduced into the body are preparations of the poliovirus. These can be either:
- **Attenuated Antigens**: Weakened forms of the virus (found in OPV).
- **Inactivated Antigens**: Killed forms of the virus (found in IPV).

4. **Immune Response Activation**: When these antigens are introduced into the body, they stimulate the immune system. The immune system recognizes these antigens as foreign invaders.

5. **Memory Cell Formation**: The immune system responds by producing specific memory cells (T-memory cells) that remember the antigens. This prepares the immune system for future encounters with the poliovirus.

6. **Subsequent Exposure**: If the individual is later exposed to the actual poliovirus, the memory cells will recognize it and mount a rapid immune response, effectively preventing the disease.

7. **Type of Immunity**: The immunity gained through vaccination is called **active immunity** because the body actively produces antibodies in response to the introduced antigens. This is different from passive immunity, where antibodies are transferred from another source.

8. **Conclusion**: Therefore, in polio vaccination, what is introduced are either attenuated or inactivated forms of the poliovirus, which stimulate the immune system to produce a protective response.