A doctor identifies symptoms of nasal congestion, headach, sore, throat, hoarseness and cough in a patient. The conclusion that the patient is infected by a pathogen

Options

A. Adenovirus
B. Rhino virus
C. Plasmodium
D. Salmonella.

Answer

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Identify Symptoms**: The patient exhibits symptoms including nasal congestion, headache, sore throat, hoarseness, and cough.

2. **Analyze Symptoms**: These symptoms are indicative of an upper respiratory tract infection. Common symptoms of upper respiratory infections often include nasal congestion, sore throat, and cough.

3. **Consider Possible Pathogens**: The question provides four potential pathogens: adenovirus, rhinovirus, plasmodium, and salmonella.

4. **Evaluate Rhinovirus**: Rhinovirus is known to cause the common cold, which aligns with the symptoms presented. It primarily affects the upper respiratory tract.

5. **Evaluate Adenovirus**: Adenovirus can infect the upper respiratory tract but also affects other systems such as the urinary tract and nervous system. However, it is less commonly associated with the specific symptoms listed.

6. **Evaluate Plasmodium**: Plasmodium is the causative agent of malaria, which presents with symptoms like chills and fever, not the respiratory symptoms described.

7. **Evaluate Salmonella**: Salmonella is known for causing gastrointestinal issues and typhoid fever, which do not correlate with the respiratory symptoms observed.

8. **Conclusion**: Based on the analysis, the most likely pathogen causing the symptoms of nasal congestion, headache, sore throat, hoarseness, and cough is the **rhinovirus**.

### Final Answer:
The patient is infected by **rhinovirus**, which causes the common cold.

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