Montreal protocol was connected with :

Options

A. Phasing out ODS
B. Reduction in CFCs
C. Replacing CFCs with chlorine and bromine
D. All the above

Answer

**Step-by-Step Solution:**

1. **Understanding the Montreal Protocol**: The Montreal Protocol is an international treaty that was signed in Montreal, Canada, in 1987 and became effective in 1989. Its primary aim is to phase out substances that deplete the ozone layer.

2. **Identifying Ozone Depleting Substances (ODS)**: The protocol specifically targets ozone-depleting substances (ODS), which include chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), halons, and other related chemicals. These substances are known to cause harm to the ozone layer.

3. **Role of Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)**: CFCs are a significant type of ODS used in various applications, including refrigeration, air conditioning, and aerosol propellants. The Montreal Protocol calls for the reduction and eventual elimination of these substances.

4. **Impact on the Ozone Layer**: The ozone layer protects the Earth by absorbing harmful ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun. The depletion of the ozone layer can lead to increased UV radiation, which poses risks to human health and the environment.

5. **Global Cooperation**: The Montreal Protocol represents a global commitment to protect the ozone layer, requiring nations to work together to reduce and eliminate the use of ODS.

6. **Conclusion**: The Montreal Protocol is connected with the reduction and elimination of ozone-depleting substances, primarily chlorofluorocarbons, to protect the ozone layer and, consequently, the environment and human health.