Which pigment protects plants from UV damage ?

Options

A. Chlorophyll
B. Xanthophyll
C. Carotenoids
D. Phycocyanin.

Answer

**Step-by-Step Solution:**

1. **Understanding UV Damage**: Ultraviolet (UV) radiation can cause damage to plant cells by generating reactive oxygen species (ROS), commonly referred to as oxygen radicals. These radicals can lead to cellular damage and affect the overall health of the plant.

2. **Identifying the Role of Pigments**: Plants contain various pigments that serve multiple functions, including photosynthesis and protection against environmental stressors. Among these pigments, some have antioxidant properties that help mitigate the effects of UV radiation.

3. **Antioxidants in Plants**: Antioxidants are substances that can prevent or slow damage to cells caused by free radicals. In plants, certain pigments act as antioxidants to scavenge these harmful radicals.

4. **Evaluating the Options**:
- **Chlorophyll**: Primarily involved in photosynthesis, but not specifically known for UV protection.
- **Xanthophyll**: A type of carotenoid that may have some protective effects but is not the primary pigment for UV protection.
- **Carotenoids**: These pigments, including beta-carotene and lutein, are known for their antioxidant properties and play a significant role in protecting plant cells from oxidative stress caused by UV radiation.
- **Phycocyanin**: A pigment found in cyanobacteria and some algae, not primarily associated with UV protection in higher plants.

5. **Conclusion**: Among the options provided, carotenoids are the pigments that specifically protect plants from UV damage by acting as antioxidants and reducing the harmful effects of oxygen radicals.

**Final Answer**: The pigment that protects plants from UV damage is **carotenoids**.

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