Explain the mechanism underlying the insect resistance in plants produced using rDNA technology.

Explain the mechanism of mineral translocation in plants.

Give the examples of competent host used in rDNA technology.

Which genes are found in Insect-resistant GM plants?

What is gene library? Explain the two types of gene libraries formed using rDNA technology.

Name the vector which is used in the production of human insulin through rDNA technology.

Explain the use of potentiometer for determining he internal resistance of cell.

Diseases in humans can be prevented by administration of vaccines. Vaccines contain inactivated, killed / weakened pathogens that can be used as antigens to provide either permanent or temporary immunity against a specific pathogen or disease. Conventional methods of vaccine preparation include the use of completely or partially killed pathogens. These vaccines however posed a risk of causing disease in case of some persons. Biotechnological techniques provide alternative antigenic genes isolated in the laboratory that can be used to make pure forms of proteins that can be used as antigens to activate the immune system. Recent developments in this field include production of edible vaccines like transgenic potatoes. Consumption of raw potatoes is speculated to develop immunity against the pathogen. These edible vaccines are produced by inserting genes isolated from specific pathogens to produce the antigen in the plants. Based on the given paragraph answer the following questions. Why are vaccines produced using biotechnology safer than conventional vaccines?

Complete the following table representing human proteins produced by rDNA technology to treat human diseases.

Explain in steps in the process of rDNA technology with suitable diagrams.