Which of the following are characteristics of both bacteria and fungi?

Options

A. Cell wall, unicellular and mitochondria
B. Cell wall, DNA, and plasma membrane
C. Plasma membrane, multicellularity, and Golgi apparatus
D. Nucleus, organelles and unicellularity

Explanation

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understanding the Question**: The question asks for characteristics that are common to both bacteria and fungi. We need to identify the features that both groups share.

2. **Identifying the Groups**:
- Bacteria belong to the Monera kingdom and are classified as prokaryotes. They are unicellular organisms.
- Fungi belong to the Fungi kingdom and are classified as eukaryotes. They can be unicellular (like yeast) or multicellular (like molds and mushrooms).

3. **Analyzing the Options**:
- **Option 1**: Cell wall, unicellular, and mitochondria.
- Cell wall: Present in both (bacteria have a cell wall made of peptidoglycan; fungi have a cell wall made of chitin).
- Unicellular: Bacteria are unicellular, but fungi can be multicellular.
- Mitochondria: Present in fungi (eukaryotes), but absent in bacteria (prokaryotes).
- **Conclusion**: This option is incorrect because of the unicellular and mitochondria characteristics.

- **Option 2**: Cell wall, DNA, and plasma membrane.
- Cell wall: Present in both.
- DNA: Both have DNA, though the structure differs (circular in bacteria, linear in fungi).
- Plasma membrane: Present in both.
- **Conclusion**: This option is correct as all three characteristics are shared.

- **Option 3**: Plasma membrane, multicellularity, and Golgi apparatus.
- Plasma membrane: Present in both.
- Multicellularity: Only fungi can be multicellular; bacteria are unicellular.
- Golgi apparatus: Present in eukaryotes (fungi) but absent in prokaryotes (bacteria).
- **Conclusion**: This option is incorrect due to multicellularity and Golgi apparatus.

- **Option 4**: Nucleus, organelles, and unicellularity.
- Nucleus: Present in fungi (eukaryotes) but absent in bacteria (prokaryotes).
- Organelles: Present in fungi but not in bacteria.
- Unicellularity: Only pertains to bacteria.
- **Conclusion**: This option is incorrect because of the presence of a nucleus and organelles.

4. **Final Conclusion**: The correct answer is **Option 2: Cell wall, DNA, and plasma membrane** as these are characteristics shared by both bacteria and fungi.