Which of the given methods of cultivation will result in loss of soil fertility? (i) Crop rotation (ii) Shifting cultivation (iii) Excessive use of chemical fertilisers

Options

A. (i) and (ii)
B. (i) and (iii)
C. (ii) and (iii)
D. (i), (ii) and (iii)

Explanation

To determine which methods of cultivation result in a loss of soil fertility, we will analyze each option provided:

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understanding Crop Rotation**:
- Crop rotation is a method where different types of crops are planted in succession on the same land.
- This practice helps maintain or even improve soil fertility. For example, planting legumes after a nitrogen-consuming crop like paddy helps replenish nitrogen in the soil through nitrogen-fixing bacteria present in the roots of legumes.
- **Conclusion**: Crop rotation does not result in a loss of soil fertility.

2. **Analyzing Shifting Cultivation**:
- Shifting cultivation involves clearing a piece of land, farming it for a few years, and then moving to a new piece of land after the soil's nutrients are depleted.
- The process often includes burning the vegetation, which can lead to nutrient loss and deforestation.
- **Conclusion**: Shifting cultivation can lead to a significant loss of soil fertility due to nutrient depletion and land degradation.

3. **Examining Excessive Use of Chemical Fertilizers**:
- The excessive use of chemical fertilizers can lead to soil degradation over time.
- While chemical fertilizers can provide immediate nutrients to crops, their overuse can harm soil structure, reduce biodiversity, and lead to soil acidification, ultimately decreasing soil fertility.
- **Conclusion**: Excessive use of chemical fertilizers also results in a loss of soil fertility.

### Final Answer:
Both **(ii) Shifting cultivation** and **(iii) Excessive use of chemical fertilizers** will result in a loss of soil fertility. Therefore, the correct options are (ii) and (iii).

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