The manufacture of bread, beer and wine involves alcoholic fermentation of glucose to ethanol by yeast. Which of the following five statements concerning this process are correct?
I. Yeast carries out fermentation because yeast cells lack mitochondria.
II. For every molecule of ethanol produced, one molecule of `CO_(2)` evolves.
III. For every one molecule of glucose fermented, net two molecules of ATP are generated.
IV. More than 80% of the chemical energy of the glucose is released as heat.
V. Glycolysis is an integral part of this fermentation

Options

A. II, III and IV
B. I, II, III and V
C. II, III and V
D. I, IV and V

Explanation

To determine which of the five statements concerning the alcoholic fermentation process by yeast are correct, we will analyze each statement one by one.

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Statement I: Yeast carries out fermentation because yeast cells lack mitochondria.**
- This statement is **incorrect**. Yeast cells do have mitochondria. They carry out fermentation primarily when oxygen is not available (anaerobic conditions), not because they lack mitochondria.

2. **Statement II: For every molecule of ethanol produced, one molecule of CO₂ evolves.**
- This statement is **correct**. During alcoholic fermentation, for each molecule of glucose that is converted into two molecules of ethanol, one molecule of carbon dioxide is released.

3. **Statement III: For every one molecule of glucose fermented, net two molecules of ATP are generated.**
- This statement is **correct**. In the process of glycolysis, which is the first step in fermentation, two ATP molecules are produced from one molecule of glucose.

4. **Statement IV: More than 80% of the chemical energy of the glucose is released as heat.**
- This statement is **correct**. In fermentation, much of the energy from glucose is not captured in ATP but is released as heat, which can be more than 80% of the energy.

5. **Statement V: Glycolysis is an integral part of this fermentation.**
- This statement is **correct**. Glycolysis is the first step in the fermentation process, where glucose is broken down into pyruvate, leading to the production of ethanol and carbon dioxide.

### Summary of Correct Statements:
- Correct Statements: II, III, IV, V
- Incorrect Statement: I

### Final Answer:
The correct statements concerning the process of alcoholic fermentation by yeast are: **II, III, IV, and V.**

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