Genetic engineering considered to be a branch of biotechnology is concerned with

Options

A. alteration of genetic make up of cells.
B. transfer and replacement of genes
C. callus formation
D. creation of recombinant DNA

Answer

**Step-by-Step Solution:**

1. **Understanding Genetic Engineering**: Genetic engineering is a branch of biotechnology that focuses on altering the genetic makeup of organisms. This involves manipulating genes to achieve desired traits or characteristics.

**Hint**: Think of genetic engineering as a way to "edit" the genetic instructions of living organisms.

2. **Key Processes in Genetic Engineering**: The main processes involved in genetic engineering include:
- Alteration of the genetic makeup of cells.
- Transfer and replacement of genes.
- Creation of recombinant DNA (rDNA), which is DNA that has been artificially created by combining DNA from different organisms.

**Hint**: Remember that genetic engineering is like rearranging the building blocks of life to create something new.

3. **Manipulating Genes**: Genetic engineering allows scientists to manipulate genes, which can involve adding, removing, or altering specific genes within an organism's DNA. This manipulation can lead to changes in the organism's phenotype (observable traits).

**Hint**: Consider how changing a recipe can lead to a different dish; similarly, changing genes can lead to different traits in organisms.

4. **Applications of Genetic Engineering**: Genetic engineering has numerous applications, including:
- Producing disease-resistant plants.
- Creating insulin for diabetes treatment.
- Developing virus-free crops.
- Assisting in pharmaceutical developments to cure diseases.

**Hint**: Think about how genetic engineering can improve health and agriculture.

5. **Recombinant DNA Technology**: The techniques used in genetic engineering often involve recombinant DNA technology (rDNA technology). This involves combining DNA from different sources to create new genetic combinations that can be used in various applications.

**Hint**: Picture recombinant DNA as a new recipe that combines ingredients from different dishes to create something unique.

6. **Conclusion**: In summary, genetic engineering is concerned with the manipulation of genes to change the genetic makeup of organisms, leading to various beneficial applications in medicine, agriculture, and biotechnology.

**Hint**: Remember that genetic engineering is all about making precise changes to DNA to achieve specific outcomes.

---