Assertion (A): Plaque and cavity formation are often caused by the consumption of sweets
Reason (R): Bacteria present in the plaque convert the sugar into an acid which dissolves away the enamel of the tooth

Options

A. A is correct, R is the.correct explanation of A
B. A is correct, R is the not the correct explanation of A
C. A is correct, R is incorrect
D. A is incorrect, R is correct

Answer

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understanding the Assertion (A)**: The assertion states that plaque and cavity formation are often caused by the consumption of sweets.
- **Explanation**: Plaque is a sticky, yellowish film of bacteria that forms on teeth. When we consume sweets, which are high in sugar, they can lead to the formation of plaque if we do not maintain proper oral hygiene.

2. **Understanding the Reason (R)**: The reason given is that bacteria present in the plaque convert the sugar into an acid, which dissolves away the enamel of the tooth.
- **Explanation**: When we eat sweets, the sugar left on our teeth serves as food for bacteria. These bacteria metabolize the sugar and produce acid as a byproduct. This acid can erode the enamel, which is the hard outer layer of the tooth, leading to cavities.

3. **Connecting Assertion and Reason**: The assertion and the reason are closely related. The consumption of sweets leads to plaque formation, and the bacteria in the plaque produce acid that harms the enamel.
- **Conclusion**: Since the reason explains why the assertion is true, both the assertion and the reason are correct, and the reason is a valid explanation for the assertion.

4. **Final Answer**: The answer to the question is that both the assertion and the reason are correct, and the reason is the explanation for the assertion.