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In medical sciences, doctors use ultraso...

In medical sciences, doctors use ultrasound devices to investigate and track the affected internal parts of the body that are not visible directly. The technique is called sonography. These devices use sound to observe internal human parts and work at a frequency greater than 20 KHz.
The sound emitted by ultrasound equipments are

A

inaudible

B

audible

C

louder

D

feeble

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Ultrasonic and Infrasonic Waves: The sound having frequency 20 Hz to 20 KHz is called audible sound Human ear cannot hear sound of frequencies lying outside this range. The limits of audibility of sound vary from individual. Generally the upper limit decreases with increase of age of individual, usually and people can not hear sound of frequency more than 15 kHz. Sound of frequencies below 20 Hz are called infrasonics, while frequencies beyond 20 kHz are called ultrasonics. Ultrasonics can be heard by dogs, cat bats etc. Bats detect the path by means of ultrasonics. Ultrasonics can be used for diagnosis of tumour and other abnormalities within our body. This is known as ultrasonography. Ultrasonics are used to curve various diseases and to measure depth of oceans to detect submarines. If speed of infrasonics, a audible and ultrasonics waves are v_(i),v_(a)andv_(u) then

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(i) A harmonic wave in a stationary medium is represented by y = a sin (kx – omegat) . Write the equation of this wave for an observer who is moving in negative x direction with constant speed v_(0) . (ii) The Doppler flow meter is a device that measures the speed of blood flow, using transmitting and receiving elements that are placed directly on the skin. The transmitter emits a continuous sound wave whose frequency is 5 M Hz . When the sound is reflected from the red blood cells, its frequency is changed in a kind of Doppler effect. The cells are moving with the same velocity as the blood. The receiving element detects the reflected sound, and an electronic counter measures its frequency, which is Doppler- shifted relative to the transmitter frequency. From the change in frequency the speed of the blood flow can be determined. Typically, the change in frequency is around 600 Hz for flow speeds of about 0.1 m//s . Assume that the red blood cell is directly moving away from the source and the receiver. (a) Estimate the speed of the sound wave in the blood? (b) A segment of artery is narrowed down by plaque to half the normal cross-sectional area. What will be the Doppler change in frequency due to reflection from the red blood cell in that region?

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