Name the causal agent of disease ‘Ringworm’ write its symptoms and prophylaxis.

Explanation

(a) Typhoid (Enteric fever). This is caused by Salmonella typhi. The incubation period of the disease is one to three weeks. The organisms of the disease are present in the stool or may be present in urine. They can, therefore, be carried by water and contaminated food. Their spread through water can give rise to severe epidemics. Incubation period varies from 1-3 weeks (average 2 weeks). The temperature goes on rising during the first week and then gradually comes down. Relapse is common. It should, be remembered that by modern drugs the temperature comes to normal within a few days. Rest, care about food and proper nursing are absolutely essential for some days, otherwise the disease may relapse. Since the disease spreads through contaminated water and food, all measures for disinfecting water supplies and preventing contamination of food by flies and dust are to be adopted. A test to confirm typhoid infection is called Widal Test.
Sings and Symptoms. There is high fever but pulse rate is low. The patient feels abdominal pain and passes frequent stools. Confirmed by Widal Test. Typhoid vaccine is available.
Prophylaxis.
1. Proper sanitation of human faces.
2. Screaning of food and water sources.
3. TAB vaccine.
4. Typhoid oral vaccine.
Treatment. The patient is treated with antibiotics such as Terramycin and Chloromycetin.
(b) Ringworm Caused by Fungi of Genus Microsporum, Trichophyton, Epidermophyton.