Write causative organism, mode of infections, symptoms and preventive measures of the disease Typhoid.

Explanation

Typhoid.
Typhoid is a common bacterial disease caused by a rod-like bacterium, Salmonella typhi. It is commonly found in the intestine of man. The disease is common in children of age group of 1-15 years. Nearly 2-5 million people suffer from typhoid disease every year.
Modes of Transmission. The disease spreads by food and water contaminated with faeces of the patient. House flies may carry the pathogens from the facces to the food, milk and water. The causative organisms enter via mouth, reach the intestine and cause lesions in the intestinal wall. Incubation period varies from 1-3 weeks, average 2 weeks.
Symptoms. Common symptoms of typhoid are constant high fever in the first and second week followed by gradually decreased fever in the third and fourth week, headache, extreme weakness, abdominal pain, constipation and inflammation in ileum and colon. Liver and spleen become enlarged. Typhoid can be confirmed by .Widal test..
Preventive Measures. These include proper community sanitation, screening of water supply and food from contamination by flies, and personal cleanliness. Cooks and food-banders in eating establishments should not be carriers of typhoid bacteria. Typhoid cases should be immediately reported to the health authorities. Natural calamities, such as floods and hurricanes, may cause epidemic of the disease. Typhoid vaccine provides immunity for about three years.