Define interferons. How do interferons combat infections? Name any two diseases controlled by them.

Explanation

Interferons. These are the proteins released by the host cells in response to viral infection which make the unattacked cells less susceptible for viral infection.
A virus stimulates the host cell to secrete interferons when it attacks it. These interferons are released from the host cell and make the adjoining unattacked cells resistant from the virus attack.
During this, interferons inhibit the viral protein synthesis, viral RNA transcription and finally its multiplication. Finally, they prevent the viruses from taking over the cellular machinery. Thus, interferons do not inactivate the virus but they make the unattacked cells less susceptible by creating .anti-viral state..
Interferons are highly effective against viral diseases such as hepatitis and influenza.